14

Would you Short-Change a Pedophile?

For some time the film industry has been running an anti-piracy campaign with slogans such as “you wouldn’t steal a car” [1] in an attempt to draw a false analogy between downloading a movie and stealing a significant and valuable object – the modern equivalent to being a “horse thief“. One of the many ways that such poor analogies break down is the fact that downloading a movie is not a crime, it’s copyright infringement.

The best analogy that I can think of for non-commercial copyright infringement is the practice of short-changing. I expect that almost everyone has at some time received less change than they deserved when buying something at a shop, the cashier aims to collect $1 or $2 from each customer and can easily double the amount of money that they take home at the end of the day. When a customer complains they just pretend to have made a mistake and although short-changing is a crime (unlike copyright infringement) it almost never results in police action. The practice is tolerated to such a degree that some people know the shops where they are likely to be short-changed, they count their change more carefully and demand the full amount – but don’t bother complaining to the manager!

The film industry also tries to portray itself as representing struggling artists who deserve the money, it’s described as a moral issue – good people pay for movies while bad people download movies and steal cars. But then there’s the case of Roman Polanski who is a well known movie director and child rapist [2]. I expect that most store employees would gladly palm some of the change if Roman Polanski was a customer – that is of course if they weren’t too busy arranging a lynch mob.

So instead of “you wouldn’t steal a car” a more reasonable statement would be “you would short-change a pedophile if you weren’t organising a lynch mob“. Please note that murdering a criminal as part of a lynch mob is a crime (unlike making an unauthorised copy of a DVD), so I encourage people not to perform lynchings.

Many important people in the movie industry have different ideas, the Wall Street Journal has an article about the petition to free Roman Polanski which demonstrates the difference between Hollywood attitudes and those of the rest of the world [3]. For them, violent crime is no big deal if the criminal is famous and the victim isn’t – but anything which affects their own wealth is regarded as a serious issue.

Indiewire has a copy of the petition to free Roman and a list of the names of 100 people who signed it [4] (I heard that the latest count was nearer 150 but couldn’t find a reference). I believe that the matter of morals is not whether someone who rapes children deserves jail time (that issue is really clear) but whether it is morally acceptable to give money to such a criminal – or their supporters. I suggest that the list of signatories to the pro-rape petition be black-listed, any movie that involves any of them should not be paid for – either don’t see the movie or download it without paying at your own whim. If anyone knows of a web site that is being regularly updated with a list of all past and current projects involving people who signed the petition for Roman then please let me know – it would be good to have a list of movies that I will never pay for.

Anyone who feels morally obliged to pay something for a movie and who has a great desire to watch a movie made by Roman Polanski or his supporters could download it and then make a donation to a charity equivalent to the purchase price – rumor has it that women’s refuges are always short of funds.

As an aside I find Wikipedia a good reference for movies that I don’t plan to see, I read the plot summary on the wiki page and then have no curiosity about what happens in the movie – if that isn’t adequate I ask friends for spoilers or do a Google search on the movie name and “spoilers“.

11

National Broadband/Porn Network

Currently we have a new “National Broadband Network” under construction in Australia [1]. It is going to cost $43,000,000,000 which is $5,000 per household. It is designed to deliver 100Mb/s speeds to most homes – that is the homes that can currently get more than 8Mb/s through ADSL2+ or cable connections.

The question is, what can we do with 100Mb/s that we can’t do with 8Mb/s? It seems that ADSL2+ works pretty well for VOIP, video-conferencing, online games, and transferring CD/DVD images (with a little patience). It seems to me that the only benefit in having download speeds faster than 8Mb/s is for downloading high resolution images and video files in a small amount of time – and porn surfing seems likely to be the only reason for someone being so impatient to get high resolution images!

Now there are some potential technical benefits to this, FTTH will allow synchronous upload and download speeds and being able to transmit data at 100Mb/s will be a significant benefit. If the data transfer quota was reasonable then I could run my blog, my web site (including my Debian package repositories), and some other new projects from a server in my own home. Currently Internet access in Australia sucks – mostly because of the cost of international bandwidth [2]. Also while Telstra was run by the awful Sol Trujillo it was trying to gain a monopoly on domestic services via it’s Fiber To The Node (FTTN) scheme, it seems that one of the biggest benefits of the NBN is to prevent Telstra gaining such a monopoly – but as they are going to pay the NBN CEO a $2,000,000 salary [3] it seems that some of the same mistakes are being made. In any case $43,000,000,000 is a lot of money to pay to break a monopoly, there are much cheaper ways of doing this.

Now if the money was to be spent intelligently on Internet access the first area would have to be submarine cables, if the capacity of the connections between Australia and the rest of the world could be significantly increased then it would change the way the Internet is used. I have a US-based colleague who transfers more data from his mobile phone than I do through my home ADSL connection – and he pays about the same amount of money as me! I think that most serious Internet users would rather have an ADSL2+ connection that is cheaper and has a larger bandwidth quota than a FTTN connection with a high transfer rate but a small quota of data that can be transferred – from what I’ve read about the NBN it doesn’t sound like a service I would want to sign up for. Then there is the issue of servers, currently for most uses Australia is not a viable location for a server due to bandwidth costs. This decreases the job opportunities for Australian system administrators and decreases the Australian IT skills base.

The next area that needs attention is wireless net access. The first issue that should be addressed is the minimum cost, the cheapest net access in Australia is via 3G because it avoids all the costs of wiring [4]. It would be good if instead of paying about $150 per annum for 3G net access there were some options for cheaper plans, maybe $60 per annum for 6G of data. In many ways the current Australian lifestyle requires Internet access, and many aspects of interaction with government organisations requires net access, so it seems that the government should make it a priority to provide cheap net access to the entire population. A 3G net access plan of $60 per annum plus a subsidised purchase plan for cheap PCs (maybe taking a Netbook from $350 to $250) should significantly decrease the number of people who can’t use the Internet.

3G access (both Internet and telephony) also needs to be available in more areas. Currently Telstra has the widest coverage of any mobile phone company, but it uses a non-standard frequency which limits the availability of suitable phones and it doesn’t compete on price [5]. So rural users have to pay through the nose for Telstra mobile telephony and they get a limited choice of phones. It would be really good if we had a NBN for 3G phones that covered the areas surrounding most rural population centers to compete with Telstra. If rural users could pay $60 per annum for 3G Internet access and a reasonable rate for mobile phone access (maybe a combined phone/data plan similar to those offered by Three and Virgin) then it would significantly improve the rural access to services that urban residents take for granted.

The NBN plan does include providing wireless and satellite net access to the 10% of the population who will be out of range of FTTH. But I am concerned that it will provide a bare minimum of service and not an integrated voice/data service that permits using the newest features of phone OSs such as Android. In the past I’ve had some commercial experience with satellite Internet access and I have not been impressed with it, the response times were very poor and fully interactive services were almost unusable. The government should aim to provide support for interactive services that facilitate business operations (including video-conferencing and remote server access via ssh, VNC, etc) to as much of the population as possible. I expect that a significant portion of the Internet using applications on smart-phones such as those running the Android OS will require fast response times, so even if a satellite version of an Android phone is ever produced it still wouldn’t be as useful as the current phones.

Finally the government should offer free wireless net access in all major urban areas for the purpose of accessing government services, Australian content, and Australian mirrors of foreign content. This would be a convenience feature for most people and would also be good for emergency access – I shouldn’t have been denied access to government services when the PSU for my ADSL modem died in the heat last week, I should have been able to take a laptop to the nearest government Wifi access point!

In conclusion I think that the government should spend money on lowering the cost of Internet and mobile telephony access for everyone and granting greater access to government services. I am not aware of any evidence to suggest that the current NBN plan will do anything to achieve such aims. But it should be really good for accessing porn sites that use a CDN with an Australian presence.

Update: John Hughes pointed out in an insightful comment that 100Mb/s can be used for watching TV. So this could be a ploy to try and convert Internet access into better TVs paid for by our tax money!

5

Michael Atkinson Lies

The South Australian government wanted to force bloggers to disclose their name and post-code when commenting on an election [1]. According to Adelaide Now this included posts on Twitter and Facebook [2].

As expected there was a strong public reaction to this and Michael Atkinson (state Attorney General) stated that the law was not going to be enforced and that it would be retrospectively repealed after the election [3]. Which might have been the end of the issue, but he also said “All MPs and all parties voted for Electoral law. Hope Libs, Greens, Family First, Independents etc will join us to support repeal” which seems to be a clear claim that the Greens supported that legislation.

The Greens are pretty good about freedom of speech issues so I immediately enquired as to what was going on. The following is from a Greens media brief issued yesterday by the office of Mark Parnell MLC (the Greens MLC in SA) which was issued before the new law was retracted:

Attorney General Michael Atkinson must urgently clarify the scope of new electoral laws covering public comment on the internet, in the wake of concerns that the impact will be much wider than expected.
“With only weeks to go before the election kicks off, there is an urgent need for the Attorney General to explain exactly what his laws are
intended to capture,” said Greens MLC Mark Parnell.
“When this was debated in Parliament last year, we were told that the law change would only affect ‘electronic versions of a journal’. Now there is
concern that the laws could extend further, restricting public commentary on media sites like AdelaideNow and ABC Online,” he said.
When the Bill was debated in the Lower House, Michael Atkinson originally wanted to include ALL material on the web. However, the Government
backed down on this by the time it got to the Upper House, with Minister Holloway saying:
“The intention is to limit the coverage of section 116 as it applies to the internet to electronic versions of a journal rather than any electronic publication on the internet.”
A ‘journal’ was narrowly defined as ‘a newspaper, magazine or other periodical’.

Now I don’t have a great objection to a law that demands that journalists identify themselves when commenting on an election, and I think that most people would not care about that. It seems that Michael Atkinson is repeatedly changing his claims to try and match popular sentiment.

He has got form for this sort of thing, his past “achievements” include censoring the censorship debate about an R18+ rating for computer games [4].

2

Precision vs Accuracy in Identifying People

Andrew Dowdell and Michael McGuire have an interesting article in the Adelaide Now about censorship in the South Australian election [1]. The South Australian government wants to force everyone who comments on the upcoming SA election to provide their name and postcode. Attorney-General Michael Atkinson said the law was “all about honesty“. However a law that forces someone to not comment as “Anonymous” and instead forces them to use a name that sounds like something that might appear on a birth certificate and a postcode is not going to increase honesty at all.

I think it’s much better to honestly say “I’m not telling you my name” than to lie and claim to be revealing your name. When the government forces people to give precise but totally inaccurate information it seems that it’s going to be bad for everyone. It’s even bad for the people who want to be identified, if most people who comment on a blog post are anonymous then I’d like to be distinguished as the person who uses their real name!

In the vast majority of cases the effort of determining who is using their real name will not be worth the effort. If someone comments on my blog under the name “John Howard from Bennelong” I will be very suspicious that they are using a fake name. But probably the vast majority of the English speaking population of the world wouldn’t immediately identify such a name as fake. If someone wants to comment on my blog and they don’t have a published phone number then I won’t have any good way of identifying their address. If their name and postcode match an entry in a phone book then they still might be faking it – they could take a random name from a phone book. If I was to demand that people who enter blog comments provide their phone numbers then I would have to pay the expense of phoning them as well as dealing with cases of people who are away from home, should I delay a blog comment for a month until the author returns from their European vacation?

I have had a moderate amount of experience in writing letters to the editors of newspapers, and I have only once had an editor phone me to verify my details. In all other cases I guess I could have fooled them if I wished.

I believe that there are already precedents regarding libel, if I approve a blog comment (or fail to unapprove it in a reasonable amount of time if it meats the automatic approval criteria) then I could be sued for libel if the contents of the comment are deemed to be suitably damaging. So if I was to try to get the real names of people who make comments on my blog then it wouldn’t make it any easier for an idiot who wants to sue – also anyone who wants to sue regarding an Australian political issue will probably find me a better target than most people who comment on my blog (a significant portion of whom are from the US and have much greater legal protections of their freedom of speech).

Extending such a law to US based services such as Twitter is just silly. The stockholders and employees of a US based corporation can freely laugh at Australian censorship laws. Also it’s pretty stupid to have a global scope on such laws, as a Victorian why should I care about the South Australian state laws? Implementing laws that can be easily broken inadvertently and can never be enforced against anyone who cares is just pitiful and will result in the MPs who vote for such laws being the object of derision.

Vote for the small parties and independent candidates. Both Labour and Liberal want to censor us, put them in the second last two spots on your vote card!

Now this law doesn’t take affect until the writs for the March 20 election are issued. I encourage Australian bloggers to write bad things about the Liberal and Labour parties after the writs are released which are not libelous and which don’t include your postcode. If they try to apply the new law then your blog post gets wide attention. If you plan to be a professional blogger then you could consider the $5,000 fine to be an advertising fee. If you don’t want to be known then you can use a US based blogging service.

I’m going to continue to write political blog posts whenever I feel like it and I won’t be telling anyone where I live. I will rely on the Streisand effect to save me.

Update:
The politicians in SA have surrendered, the law in question won’t be enforced and will supposedly be repealed after the election [2]. It will be interesting to see whether they really do repeal that law.

6

Preventing Children from Accessing Porn

The following was written by Stefano Cosentino in regard to the ongoing efforts of the Australian government to censor the Internet with “protecting the children” as an excuse.

All these Internet filtering ideas that have been in the news lately has made me voice my own opinion on the matter as a non-expert. I’m an IT advisor. I take someone’s problem and help them fix it.

I have a few clients who provide laptops to their students, everything is done with these laptops. The students have no books. The school provides laptops to their primary school students as well as their high school students. They have done this long before the public system started to hand out laptops to a select number of high school students.

When you provide a child with anything, there are always areas where a child will find that you may have overlooked. In fact, a young kid will probably find a host of things that you might have totally missed or didn’t ever know about. One of these things is the inappropriate nature of information you may find that are associated with computers. This can be anything. But specifically, what the filtering argument has been about has been leaning towards Internet pornography and I would imagine, more specifically content of a pedophiliac nature.

I’m not against child pornography being banned or filtered. I personally think this is one of the most cruel, inconsiderate, disrespectful and self centered behaviors a person could display. Their psychological makeup isn’t the scope of this article. However these ideas must be conveyed when discussing the Internet as a modern technological device that can be used for both good and bad.

The primary school students that I attend to aren’t very interested in this stuff and as it has been mentioned long ago by others who have joined this argument, are more interested in online flash games that include characters such as Ben 10, Pokemon and Yu-Gi-Oh. When I’m called in to scan these computers during the school holidays and hand the laptops back to the kids or when they get handed back after 3 years for new ones, I find that the older primary school kids computers are usually more prone to the adult orientated content. To me this is the first sign of a filter’s failure. This customer of mine spends more money on the filtering devices they use on campus than I charge them for a few days of work.

Does it work?

Sadly, I hate to report that no, it does not. It’s completely useless. The kids still have files and traces of files on their computers that isn’t suitable for young children. Not only pornography but also content of a violent or morbid nature. As young and impressionable people, everything they read, see and hear is absorbed. This shapes the way society will become in years to come. Since no one can realistically tell the future, wouldn’t it be nice if we could make sure that the people looking after us and our lives forty or fifty years from now have a sane mind free of blemish?

It’s a different story for the high school children. While scanning their laptops I have to contact the police on a daily basis because of the nature of the content I find during my day. Some things you can let slip, today’s version of a pinup girl, or a provocative pic of whatever skimpy clad girl the record companies are flogging off these days as musicians. But sadly that’s rare. I won’t go into detail of what I find on these laptops of 14 year old boys, but it ranges from some innocent growing up curiosity right to perverted, sick and most if not all of the time, illegal content. The filters fail again. The kids find a way around it. And they find it easily.

I’ve seen filters work and not work at all with young kids right through to young adults. All the filters do is either hinder the poor kids actually trying to do research of scholastic nature or prolong the inevitable and temporarily block a determined child’s interest in the search for some adult related material. The filter might prevent accidental viewing but it doesn’t stop the deliberate finding of pornography and other illegal content.

How does a filter stop this from happening? How does a filter stop a child taking their parents adult videos and copying them to their laptop or finding dad’s stash of Penthouse? How does it stop a school mate bringing this stuff to school to show everyone at lunch time or to trade for other content they found by other means. Remember back to when you were their age and caught a glimpse of your big brother’s room wall. How many times did you try and catch a peak at that Samantha Fox poster hanging off the wall?

Where’s the filter now? Here’s some thing to think about.

The filter shouldn’t be a thing, it should be a person. They’re called “responsible”. They’re called parents.

What priorities do parents have if their child feels that what they look at online that is of an adult nature is acceptable? Or maybe the kid knows better, knows it isn’t acceptable but still goes out of their way to get the stuff on their computer? Sneaker Net still exists, USB memory sticks are cheap and can now have two or three straight DVD rips on them, or perhaps five or six encoded films on there. Hundreds and thousands of images and so on. Filter failure again.

When the kids go online, they know of the technology used to block them from gaining access to what they want to see. Chances are, they’ll know what a proxy server is and does. Then they’ll figure out what they need to do to get around the filter. I, myself did this back in high school and TAFE when I couldn’t find photographs of a particular device I was researching. Turns out the name is also a form of sexual activity, in another language, but still. The filter stopped me from not only looking the offending content but also to look at the legitimate data that I needed to complete an assignment.

I got around the problem by researching some more information and the following day I was breaking through firewalls and proxy servers with easy. Filter failure.

How do I get around this issue when speaking to younger kids that need guidance and knowledge on how to deal with this situation? I hold talks at the school I provide my services to. I talk to the parents, no kids. The talk costs less than a broken filter they keep throwing money at keep up-to-date. The school puts these filters in place to appear responsible, because while the kids are attending their school, the school is in fact responsible. In fact, there is nothing more the school can do. They could educate the children, but you can tell someone what to do, and the chances of them doing it are pretty dismal. Music is not allowed on their computers either. Yet we constantly find iTunes on there and a host of music that traces to certain peer to peer applications where they acquired the stolen music.

If a kid can learn how to do that, imagine what sort of influence can be placed on them from a more positive angle. Like maybe parents providing an explanation for starters of what it is they’re looking at. What it is they’ll find online. What material is inappropriate. What material should you tell an adult about. Why do I get stupid emails with Russian girls wanting to marry me.

Kids absorb everything. Parents have relegated responsibility but not delegated it. This filter idea might help slow down a child’s enthusiasm to learn about everything, both good and bad. But educating the kids from an early stage in life about morals and the modern world where lets think about it, we have absolutely everything we need and want at our finger tips will be more valuable than any filter. But the fact that we have so much available makes it difficult to say what is and isn’t appropriate for a child to see. It is up to us to inform the children of what’s out there is the world. It may or may not stop them from seeing the adult related content, but it will help them respond to it in a mature and adult manner. We all know, kids aren’t stupid.

So, if the filters worked, why am I called in once a year, every year to give my talk to parents?

3

Killing Bankers

John Robb wrote an interesting post about running web sites to target corporations such as Goldman Sachs [1] (such as tracking where it’s employees live).

Naked Capitalism has an interesting post about US investment banks getting preferential access to vaccines [2]. In the comments section some people state an intention to deliberately infect Goldman employees if they get sick.

Rob Blackwell at American Banker writes about a popular iPhone game based around the idea of defending the White House from attacking bankers who try and steal money [3]. The game features a number of ways of killing bankers.

It seems to me that the US bankers have gone way beyond the level of greed that will actually benefit themselves and their actions seem to indicate a death-wish.

As the banks are supposedly too big to fail they should also be too big to be allowed to kill themselves, so maybe we need some sort of corporate suicide-watch. According to a blog post I read when someone is admitted to a psychiatric hospital after a suicide attempt they are watched by video at all times, inspected every 15 minutes, and regularly searched for sharp objects. Maybe part of the bail-out package should have included the US government inspecting the offices of bankers every 15 minutes, watching them at all times by video, and regularly searching them for toxic assets, derivatives that no-one understands, etc. It seems that the TSA employees would rather search for money than weapons [4], so they could be redeployed in searching bank offices. TSA employees never were much good at searching for bombs anyway [5].

7

CEO Pay

The latest news is that the CEO of the new NBN (National Broadband Network) will receive a $2 million salary [1]. This has been defended as “the price required to secure the best person for the job“. The problem with this idea is that it’s not the first time that a multi-million dollar salary has been paid from tax money for a CEO of a communications company. Sol Trujillo did an absolutely awful job of running Telstra and was paid a package of $11 million (including bonuses) for doing so [2]. After finally quitting Telstra Sol then had a whinge about Australians supposedly being racist – he apparently didn’t realise that we would have loved him if Telstra’s monopoly services had operated well and if he had returned value for the stock-holders. Sol should have been sacked long ago, the government’s voting power (through owning half of Telstra) was enough to force him out.

Now the CEO of the NBN is going to be employed entirely at taxpayer expense (the NBN will initially be entirely government owned). So it seems reasonable to compare the pay of the NBN CEO to the pay of the Prime Minister of Australia [3] – which is currently $330,300. If we consider the perks of the job (free travel etc) to be worth an additional $200,000 (just a wild guess) then the Prime Minister gets paid 25% the proposed salary of the CEO of the NBN. Every day the PM makes decisions that are much more important than any that will be faced by the CEO of a communications company. So it appears that we can get someone suitably skilled for less than $2 million (I know some people believe that every PM has done a bad job – but I have not seen any evidence to suggest that the typical political leader is any less skilled than the typical CEO).

There has been a reasonable amount of research which can be applied when determining how to get people to do good work. One good analysis of some of the issues is Bruce Schneier’s blog post about Risk Intuition [4]. He points out that if there are penalties for employees who obey security procedures (in terms of unpaid overtime or bad reviews for not getting work done) and no penalties for breaking them then most employees will ignore the security procedures. It seems to me that CEOs have no real penalty for running a company into the ground (having a whinge after leaving the country with more than $40 million hardly counts as a penalty). So anyone who believes that paying more money gets more skilled people would have to believe that paying more for a CEO will tend to get a CEO who is more skilled at bilking the company (which appears to be the core skill).

It seems to me that most CEOs have little confidence in their own ability. Someone who believed that they could really do a good job as a CEO wouldn’t want a high salary, they would aim to have the company stock price improve in value at a rate that exceeds the average of the top 100 companies (or some similar index) and ask for a bonus in proportion to that!

For a government owned company (such as the NBN) a CEO who was confident in their ability would want a bonus paid after they had achieved their goals. The payment for the NBN CEO was incorrectly described as 0.3% of the project budget, according to my calculations $2M salary over 8 years is about 0.03% of the $43 billion budget. If a candidate for the CEO position believes that they can get the project completed on time and under budget while achieving all the goals then they should ask for 0.06% of the budget as their bonus payment if they succeed and a very low salary in the mean-time. If they believe that the project can’t be completed according to the plan then they should be saying so before the work starts. If however they are not confident in their ability then of course the smart thing to do would be to demand a high salary…

Now I think it’s worth considering someone who is known to be good at running a company. There are lots of bad things you can say about Bill Gates, but his skills at running a corporation tend not to be criticised. In 2004 Bill Gates (then the Chief Software Architect of Microsoft) and Steve Ballmer (MS CEO) each received $901,667 in salary and bonuses [5]. If we were to try and find a CEO who could be claimed to have a better record of running a corporation than Bill Gates then possible candidates include Michael Dell (of Dell computers) and Eric Schmidt, Sergey Brin, or Larry Page of Google. Given that it’s not going to be possible to hire such people it seems like a bad idea to offer someone with significantly less apparent skill than Bill Gates a significantly higher salary.

While on the topic of CEO pay, it would be good if the employment agreement would specify that no special golden-handshake would be awarded to the CEO when the NBN is privatised (we don’t want the CEO to be tempted to down-play the value of the company to encourage the buyer to give him a good payout). It would also be good if government ministers could be prohibited from being employed by the company that does the buyout – we don’t want another Bob Carr [6].

Child Abuse and Censorship

In Australia we are currently in the middle of a long drawn out saga about Internet censorship [1]. In summary we have fundamentalist Christians wanting to prevent anyone from accessing X rated material, many clueless people wanting to “protect the children“, and most members of parliament totally ignoring the advice that is offered by everyone who knows anything about the Internet.

There is an ongoing trend world-wide to create new laws related to the Internet which are entirely disconnected from any rational idea of how to enforce them. Such laws also tend to be radically different from laws related to older forms of communication (telephone, the postal service, etc).

I think that anyone who wants to advocate a new law related to the Internet should first consider similar laws related to other methods of communication, the laws for old and new forms of communication should be roughly synchronised. For example any material that can be sent by the government postal service should be permitted to be sent via email. So if something is to be banned from transmission via email then it should be banned from the government postal service, if email is to be searched then the postal service should be searched too.

Now if we are going to have new laws compelling the censorship of all web browsing in the name of preventing child abuse then we should also consider censoring older forms of broadcast media and determine which achieves the greatest good with the minimal expense. It has been claimed that the Australian Federal Police Online Child Sexual Exploitation Team has had their budget cut at the same time as budget was being allocated towards censoring the Internet – this leads me to believe that spending money on censorship involves taking money away from the police work of investigating and prosecuting people who abuse children.

A current ongoing drama in Australian politics involves the abuse of a child on a live radio show [2]. A 14 year old girl was strapped to a faux lie detector and asked questions about sex. Here is a relevant quote from an article in The Age:

She revealed she had been raped when aged 12. When her mother asked in the broadcast whether she was sexually active, the girl replied: ‘‘I’ve already told you the story about this … and don’t look at me and smile, because it’s not funny.’’
When the girl said she had been raped, Sandilands responded by saying: ‘‘Right, is that the only experience you’ve had?’’

Here is a second quote from the same article:

A group of 15 high-profile psychologists, academics and child advocates wrote to The Age calling for the show to be axed, suggesting it had been the venue for child abuse and a gross violation of human rights.

Currently most of the discussion about this incident is focussed on the actions of Kyle Sandilands [3] and Jackie O [4]. But it seems to me that the majority of the blame should fall on the management of 2Day FM [5] for creating an environment where child abuse is going to happen. Radio stations have the technology to quickly switch from any content which fails to meet their guidelines, all it would take is a push of a button to switch to music or advertising. Any decent people in the management would realise that a segment which is based around coercing an underage girl to talk about sex is destined to get a bad result and therefore shouldn’t be approved.

It is very difficult (almost impossible) to implement censorship of the Internet. But it is very easy to control radio broadcasts. If the government is serious about blocking broadcast of material related to child abuse then the best thing that they could do implement a new law specifying that the radio frequency allocation will be removed from any TV or radio station that abuses children. That would be a major incentive for broadcasters to do the right thing, it would be simple to implement and cheap to enforce – and not require taking any more budget from the AFP!

As a final note, in Australia we do have a justice system. So while it would be fun to just pull the plug on 2Day FM without any advance notice the right thing to do is to have a trial first. Unlike the proposed laws for filtering the Internet which don’t even allow anyone to know which sites are to be filtered.

1

Botnets and Political Censorship

ForeignPolicy.com has an interesting article about Cyxymu the first digital refugee [1]. DDOS attacks against LiveJournal and Twitter have been forcing him to use other services to spread his message.

Botnets (large groups of computers running “trojan horse” software that are under the control of a single hostile party) [2] have been around for a while. At the moment a large portion of the spam that is sent comes from botnets. So everyone would benefit in a small way if they were greatly reduced in scope.

But until recently botnets have been mostly an annoyance, sure they were well known to be able to put small companies offline and estimates of the potential capacity of the larger botnets to slow the net access for entire countries (such as Australia) have been circulating for a while. But they haven’t seemed to be really harmful.

When a DDOS [3] can be used to force major Internet services such as LiveJournal to cancel the accounts of members as a measure of self-protection then it really changes the industry. Firstly it decreases the value of LiveJournal, an advantage of the big blog servers is that they can be used to get a message out even when other services are being attacked, LiveJournal apparently isn’t big enough to perform that task. So this effectively puts Google in a market leading position (it seems inconceivable that anyone could DDOS Google). I don’t think that this is a good thing for ISPs, so they seem to have a vested interest in correcting this problem.

Censorship of political comments seems to be against the best interests of any democratic government. So there seems to be a strong case for government action.

The Australian government is currently wasting huge amounts of tax-payer money on trying to filter net access with varying claims of preventing children from accidentally seeing porn mixed in with claims about preventing the distribution of child porn. Of course if they want to stop the distribution of child porn then they want to stop the trojans (for example in the UK Julian Green was found not-guilty of child-porn charges due to the evidence suggesting that a trojan was responsible for the downloads in question [4] and in the US a 16yo boy was charged with distributing child-porn because of a trojan [5] – there are many other examples of this).

I believe that legislation to deal with these problems is long overdue. I think that fines need to be levied against either users who have infected PCs on the net or the ISPs that serve them. It’s not difficult to discover machines that are in a botnet, it will cost some money but the cost will be less than the penalty that is levied for a minor infraction of the road laws so it should be good for the government general revenue.

In the short-term this might be considered to be bad for ISPs (some current customers will drop off the Internet). But in the long term I think that it will be good for their business. In the long term improving the quality of the Internet experience can only result in more people using the net and the people who currently use it spending more time (and therefore money) doing so.

6

Bad Math at TED

TED.com is a site that is known for very high quality content. Unfortunately on occasion they do get things wrong.

Rob Hopkins in his talk at TED Global 2009 claimed that 1 liter of oil “contains the energy equivalent of five weeks of human labor by 35 strong people” [1]. Now Rob has made a lot of good points and I look forward to watching his lecture when it becomes available, but I can’t let his claim about the energy of oil pass.

First we have to consider the functional usability of the energy. A Prius takes about 5 liters of petrol to drive 100Km and I believe that Toyota is going to improve this in the near future. Let’s assume for the sake of discussion that a hypothetical turbo-Diesel Prius based on the yet to be released new Toyota hybrid drive-train would take 3L of Diesel fuel per 100Km (Diesel engines are more efficient and Toyota is continuing to improve their technology). The Prius weighs about 1300Kg so let’s assume for the sake of discussion that 1L of Diesel fuel can move 1500Kg (vehicle plus driver and cargo) a distance of 33Km.

So the question becomes, how long would it take 35 strong people to move 1500Kg a distance of 33Km? 1500/35 gives a mass of 42Kg per person – any strong person can lift 42Kg with ease (it’s less than the mass of a good Trinitron monitor). 5 * 40 hour working weeks gives 200 hours of work, 33Km in 200 hours means an average of 165 meters per hour. I think that I could carry a 42Kg mass more than 165 meters per hour without excessive effort. If I was allowed to use some form of trolley then I could take it a lot further – I have moved monitors much faster than that while balanced on a wheeled chair!

It seems that the Bicycle Rickshaw [2] is one of the most efficient ways of moving passengers and cargo on roads. According to the reports I’ve heard a 100Kg passenger who comes from a first-world country (and can therefore pay well) will be welcomed as a rickshaw passenger. I think it’s reasonable to assume that a rickshaw driver can transport a passenger more than 33Km in one day. So if you had 35 strong rickshaw drivers working for a day they should be able to transport 3,500Kg of passengers and cargo for a distance that is greater than 33Km as opposed to a hypothetical future-technology Prius which can transport 1500Kg for 33Km while using a liter of Diesel fuel!

Now if we consider the fact that the 1500Kg that the Prius moves is comprised of 1300Kg of car and 200Kg of passengers and cargo we have 1 liter of oil in the Prius moving 200Kg a distance of 33Km vs 35 strong people working for a day and moving 3500Kg the same distance.

According to the Human Powered Transport Wikipedia page [3] someone who is “in shape” can produce 200W of cycling energy for more than an hour – that is 720KJ/hour. I wonder how many hours they could do that for in a day. It seems reasonable that a full 8 hour day of work would comprise at least the equivalent of 4 hours work, so that would be 2.88MJ per day or 72MJ for five 40 hour weeks. Therefore for 35 people it would be 2.52GJ of cycling energy over five 40 hour working weeks!

According to the Wikipedia page on Fuel Efficiency [4] one liter of Diesel fuel contains 38.6MJ of energy. If the energy in one liter of Diesel fuel was converted to motion with 100% efficiency then it might be equivalent to one strong person cycling for 13.4 days.

According to the Wikipedia page on Thermal Efficiency [5] the most thermally efficient engine is the Wärtsilä-Sulzer_RTA96-C [6] which can run at 51.7% efficiency which gives 163g of fuel used per KWh. So the RTA96-C could produce just over 22MJ of usable energy for 1 liter of fuel. That’s about equal to one person cycling for 7.6 days. Also note that the RTA96-C is an engine for a very large cargo ship, smaller engines are much less efficient.

There is no doubt that petro-chemicals are a concentrated source of fuel. I can carry a jerry-can which contains usable energy equivalent to more than 6 months of work by a laborer (according to my rough calculations). But there is no way I could carry enough food to keep someone alive and working for 6 months.

I look forward to watching Rob’s talk when it is available for download, I don’t think that getting one point spectacularly wrong reduces the value of his work. The Transition Towns [7] concept has many benefits to offer, even beyond Rob’s initial plans.